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Notes on methods used

CARBON

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 determined carbon by high frequency combustion and infrared absorption. Analysts Nos. 3 and 6 determined carbon using non-aqueous titration according to the Standard Method BS 6200:3.8.2:1991.

SILICON

Analyst No. 1 determined silicon photometrically as silicophosphomolybdate without extraction. Nos. 2 and 6 determined silicon gravimetrically, according to BS 6200:3.26.1:1995. Nos. 3, 4 and 5 used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

MANGANESE

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 used ICP-OES. Nos. 3 and 6 determined manganese photometrically after oxidation with potassium periodate according to BS 6200:3.18.2:1995.

PHOSPHORUS

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 used ICP-OES. Nos. 3 and 6 determined manganese photometrically after oxidation with potassium periodate according to BS 6200:3.18.2:1995

SULPHUR

Analyst Nos.1, 2, 4 and 5 determined sulphur using high frequency combustion and infrared absorption. Analyst No. 6 determined sulphur using oxidation/reduction titration after combustion.

CHROMIUM

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 determined chromium using ICP-OES. Analyst No.6 used flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

MOLYBDENUM

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 determined molybdenum using ICP-OES. Analyst No. 6 used FAAS

NICKEL

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 determined nickel using ICP-OES. Analyst No.6 used FAAS.

ALUMINIUM

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 determined aluminium using ICP-OES. Analyst No.6 used FAAS, according to BS6200: 3.1.4:1990.

ARSENIC

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 determined arsenic using ICP-OES. Analyst No.6 determined As photometrically with silver diethyldithiocarbamate after separation as arsine

COBALT

All Analysts determined cobalt by ICP-OES

COPPER

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 determined copper using ICP-OES. Analyst No.6 used FAAS according to BS EN 24943:1990.

NITROGEN

Analysts Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 determined nitrogen using thermal conductivity. Analyst No.6 determined nitrogen titrimetrically after distillation as ammonia according to the Standard Method BS 6200:3.22.1:1992.

TIN

All analysts determined tin using ICP-OES.

TITANIUM

All Analysts determined titanium using ICP-OES.

VANADIUM

All Analysts determined vanadium by ICP-OES

NIOBIUM

All Analysts determined niobium using ICP-OES.

CALCIUM

Analyst No. 1 determined calcium using ICP-OES. Analysts Nos. 4 and 6 used FAAS.